Understanding EORI Numbers: a complete guide

In today’s globalised economy, businesses of all sizes are increasingly engaged in international trade. Navigating the complexities of cross-border transactions requires adherence to various regulations and standards, one of the most crucial being the Economic Operators Registration and Identification (EORI) number. Whether you’re a seasoned importer/exporter or just venturing into the realm of international commerce, understanding the significance of an EORI number is essential. This unique identifier streamlines customs clearance, ensures compliance, and ultimately facilitates smoother trade operations within the European Union (EU).

In this article, we’ll explore what EORI numbers are, how to find them, their history and how you can request one for your business.

What are EORI numbers?

EORI (Economic Operators Registration and Identification) numbers are unique identifiers used by businesses involved in customs activities within the European Union (EU). The primary purpose of an EORI number is to track and facilitate the import and export of goods, ensuring compliance with customs clearance regulations and simplifying the process of cross-border trade. This system enhances the efficiency of customs procedures by providing a standardised method of identifying economic operators across EU member states, reducing paperwork, and streamlining operations. It is mandatory to put this number on an import or export declaration.

Important note: EORI numbers are only there for legal entities. Does your branch have several branches? Then these branches can all use the number of the main branch.

Where can I find my EORI number?

If you already have an EORI number, it can typically be found on official documents related to customs and international trade, such as invoices, shipping paperwork, or customs declarations. Businesses can also verify their EORI number by checking with their national customs authority or through the European Commission’s EORI validation website. If you’re unsure whether you have a number or need to confirm its validity, these resources are essential tools for verification.

Don’t have an EORI number yet? We will tell you how to apply for one later in this article.

The start of EORI numbers

EORI numbers were introduced on July 1, 2009, as part of the EU’s efforts to modernise and streamline customs procedures across member states. This initiative was a response to the need for a more unified and efficient system to handle the increasing volume of international trade. The EORI system was established under the Union Customs Code (Regulation (EU) No 952/2013) and its delegated and implementing acts.

By implementing EORI numbers, the European Union aimed to enhance security, improve regulatory compliance, and facilitate smoother trade flows between countries, ultimately benefiting both businesses and customs authorities.

Do EORI numbers expire?

EORI numbers do not have an expiration date; once issued, they remain valid indefinitely as long as the business remains active in international trade and complies with customs regulations. However, it is crucial to keep the associated information up to date, such as business addresses and contact details. If there are significant changes in the business structure or if the company ceases trading activities, it is necessary to inform the relevant customs authority to update or deactivate the EORI number accordingly.

Requesting an EORI number

Requesting an EORI number is a straightforward process that involves applying through your national customs authority. The application can often be completed online, requiring basic information about your business, such as your VAT number, company address, and contact details. After submitting the application, the customs authority will process your request and issue the EORI number. For businesses engaging in cross-border trade, having an EORI number is mandatory to ensure compliance with EU customs clearance procedures, making it an essential step in your trade operations.

EORI numbers in the UK

Is your company located in the UK or does your business trade with companies in this region? The UK is no longer part of the European Union since the Brexit (2020). This means that there are two types of EORI numbers: a European number and a UK number. A UK EORI number is similar to the European one, but it is assigned by the UK Customs Authority (HMRC) and is only valid in the UK.

By understanding the importance and functionality of EORI numbers, businesses can navigate the complexities of international trade more effectively, ensuring compliance and efficiency in their operations. If you have questions regarding EORI numbers, please contact tax authorities in your country.